Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

A combination of physical and emotional symptoms before menstruation.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): What You Need to Know

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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition that affects many women of reproductive age. It is characterised by a variety of physical and emotional symptoms that occur between ovulation and the start of menstruation. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and can have a negative impact on your quality of life.

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Symptoms Of PMS

Some of the most common physical symptoms of PMS include:

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  • Abdominal bloating
  • Breast tenderness or swelling
  • Headaches
  • Backaches or muscle pain
  • Acne flare-ups
  • Constipation or diarrhoea
  • Food cravings or changes in appetite
  • Sensitivity to light or sound

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Some of the most common emotional or behavioural symptoms of PMS include:

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  • Mood swings
  • Irritability or anger
  • Anxiety or nervousness
  • Depression or sadness
  • Crying spells
  • Difficulty concentrating or remembering
  • Low libido or sexual interest
  • Social withdrawal or isolation

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Causes Of PMS

The exact cause of PMS is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to hormonal fluctuations that occur during the menstrual cycle. Specifically, changes in the levels of oestrogen, progesterone, and serotonin (a brain chemical that affects mood) may trigger PMS symptoms. Other factors that may contribute to PMS include genetics, stress, lifestyle, diet, and underlying medical conditions.

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Diagnosis Of PMS

PMS can be diagnosed by keeping track of your symptoms and how they affect your daily functioning for at least two consecutive menstrual cycles. You can use a calendar, a journal, or an app to record your symptoms and their severity. If you notice a consistent pattern of symptoms that occur before your period and disappear after it starts, you may have PMS.

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Treatments Of PMS

PMS can be treated with various methods, depending on the type and severity of your symptoms. Some of the treatment options include:

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Medications: These may include pain relievers (such as ibuprofen), diuretics (to reduce fluid retention), antidepressants (to improve mood), birth control pills (to regulate hormones), and dietary supplements (such as vitamin B6, calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D).

Lifestyle changes: These may include exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, limiting salt, caffeine, alcohol, and sugar intake, getting enough sleep, managing stress, and practising relaxation techniques (such as yoga, meditation, or breathing exercises).

Therapy: This may include cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), which can help you identify and change negative thoughts and behaviours that worsen your PMS symptoms. You may also benefit from joining a support group or talking to a trusted friend or family member.

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Conclusion

PMS is a real and common condition that can affect your physical and mental health. However, you do not have to suffer in silence or let it interfere with your daily life. By seeking professional help, following a treatment plan, and taking care of yourself, you can reduce or manage your PMS symptoms and improve your well-being.

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Sources

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[1] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780

[2] Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment - Healthline https://www.healthline.com/health/premenstrual-syndrome

[3] Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): 37 Symptoms, Treatment & Definition https://www.medicinenet.com/premenstrual_syndrome/article.htm