Hysterectomy: What You Need to Know
If you are considering a hysterectomy, you may have many questions and concerns about this surgery. A hysterectomy is a procedure that removes the uterus, also known as the womb, where a baby grows during pregnancy. The uterus also produces the menstrual blood that flows out of the body every month.
There are different types of hysterectomy, depending on what other organs and tissues are removed along with the uterus. These include:
- Partial hysterectomy: Only the uterus is removed, leaving the cervix (the neck of the womb) in place.
- Total hysterectomy: The uterus and the cervix are removed.
- Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: The uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes (the tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus) and ovaries (the organs that produce eggs and hormones) are removed.
- Radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: The uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, the upper part of the vagina and some surrounding tissue and lymph nodes (the small glands that filter fluid and fight infection) are removed. This type of hysterectomy is usually done for cancer.
A hysterectomy can be done through different surgical methods, such as:
- Abdominal hysterectomy: The uterus is removed through a cut in the lower belly. This is also called an open procedure.
- Vaginal hysterectomy: The uterus is removed through a cut in the vagina. This avoids any visible scars on the abdomen.
- Laparoscopic or robotic hysterectomy: The uterus is removed through small cuts in the belly using long, thin instruments and a camera. This is also called a minimally invasive procedure.
The type of hysterectomy and surgical method that is best for you will depend on your medical condition, your personal preference, and your surgeon's recommendation.
Why You May Need a Hysterectomy
Some of the reasons why you may need a hysterectomy are:
- Cancer of the uterus, cervix, ovaries or other pelvic organs.
- Fibroids, which are noncancerous tumours that grow in the uterus and can cause heavy bleeding, pain and pressure.
- Endometriosis, which is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus and can cause pain, bleeding and infertility.
- Uterine prolapse, which is when the uterus drops into the vagina due to weakened muscles and ligaments and can cause urinary leakage, pelvic pressure and bowel problems.
- Abnormal or heavy vaginal bleeding that does not respond to other treatments.
- Chronic pelvic pain that originates from the uterus and does not respond to other treatments.
The Benefits and Risks of Hysterectomy
A hysterectomy is a major surgery that has benefits and risks. Some of the benefits are:
- Relief from symptoms such as pain, bleeding and pressure.
- Prevention or treatment of cancer or precancerous conditions.
- Improvement in quality of life and well-being.
Some of the risks are:
- Infection, bleeding, injury to nearby organs or blood vessels, blood clots or anaesthesia complications during or after surgery.
- Early menopause if both ovaries are removed, which can cause hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood changes and bone loss.
- Loss of fertility and ability to become pregnant.
- Changes in sexual function or satisfaction.
A hysterectomy is not for everyone. You should discuss with your doctor all your options before deciding to have this surgery. You should also consider your personal values, goals and preferences. A hysterectomy is a permanent procedure that cannot be reversed.
If you decide to have a hysterectomy, you should prepare yourself physically and emotionally for the surgery and recovery. You should follow your doctor's instructions before and after surgery. Also, you should seek support from your family, friends, or other sources if you need it.
A hysterectomy can be a life-changing decision that affects your health, your body, and your identity. It is important to be well-informed and well-supported before making this choice.
Talk to us, and let's advise you accordingly. At Debbo Africa, we're a team of women-only medical professionals strictly focused on women's health care.