Cervical Dysplasia: What You Need to Know
Cervical dysplasia is a condition where abnormal cells grow on the surface of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is not cancer, but it can sometimes develop into precancerous or cancerous cells over time. Cervical dysplasia is usually caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a common sexually transmitted virus that can affect the genital area.
Symptoms Of Cervical Dysplasia
Cervical dysplasia often does not cause any symptoms, so it is important to get regular screening tests, such as Pap smears, to detect it early. A Pap smear is a simple procedure where a sample of cells from the cervix is collected and examined under a microscope. If abnormal cells are found, further tests may be done, such as:
- HPV test: This test can check if the abnormal cells are caused by a high-risk type of HPV that is linked to cervical cancer.
- Colposcopy: This test involves looking at the cervix with a magnifying device and taking a small tissue sample (biopsy) if needed.
- Biopsy: This test can confirm the diagnosis and the severity of cervical dysplasia.
Treatments Of Cervical Dysplasia
The treatment of cervical dysplasia depends on several factors, such as the age of the patient, the type and extent of the abnormal cells, and the risk of progression to cancer. Some mild cases of cervical dysplasia may go away on their own without treatment, but they need to be monitored closely with regular follow-up tests. Some moderate to severe cases of cervical dysplasia may require treatment to remove or destroy the abnormal cells and prevent them from becoming cancerous. Some of the treatment options include:
- Cryotherapy: This method uses freezing to kill the abnormal cells.
- Laser therapy: This method uses a laser beam to vaporise the abnormal cells.
- Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP): This method uses an electric wire loop to cut out the abnormal cells.
- Cervical conization: This method uses a scalpel or a laser to remove a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix.
Prevention Of Cervical Dysplasia
The prevention of cervical dysplasia mainly involves reducing the exposure and infection of HPV. Some of the preventive measures include:
- Getting vaccinated against HPV: The HPV vaccine can protect against some of the most common and high-risk types of HPV that cause cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer. It is recommended for girls and boys aged 11 to 12 years, but it can also be given up to age 26 for those who did not get it earlier.
- Practising safe sex: Using condoms or other barrier methods during sexual intercourse can lower the risk of getting or spreading HPV, but they are not 100% effective as HPV can infect areas not covered by condoms.
- Limiting sexual partners: Having fewer sexual partners or having a monogamous relationship with someone who has been tested for HPV can reduce the risk of exposure to HPV.
- Quitting smoking: Smoking can weaken the immune system and make it harder to fight off HPV infection.
Conclusion
Cervical dysplasia is a common and treatable condition that can be detected early with regular screening tests. By following the recommended guidelines for cervical cancer screening and prevention, you can protect your health and reduce your risk of developing cervical cancer.
Sources:
[2] https://www.healthline.com/health/cervical-dysplasia